@article{ author = {Rafii, Forough and JavaheriTehrani, Fereshteh and NikbakhtNasrabadi, Alireza and Shariatpanahi, Shabnam}, title = {How Do Nurses Apply Personal Knowing to Patient Care? A Grounded Theory Study}, abstract ={Background: Personal Knowing is an expression of self-knowledge concerning others. Besides, Personal Knowing is the most difficult as well as the most essential pattern of knowing in nursing. The current study aimed to explore how nurses apply personal knowledge in patient care. Methods: This qualitative study was performed based on the grounded theory method. The study was performed in different hospital wards of Tehran City, Iran. The required data were generated using semi-structured interviews and clinical observations. Finally, 15 interviews and 8 sessions of observation were included in the data analysis. Strauss and Corbin’s constant comparison method (2008) was used to analyze the collected data. Results: The obtained findings suggested that nurses use the Personal Knowing pattern in 3 forms of the therapeutic use of self, self-centering, and elimination of therapeutic communication. The therapeutic use of self was accompanied by kindness and amiability; efforts to strengthen the patients’ spirit; giving comfort and hope; humor; talking in a friendly manner, and gaining the patient’s trust and cooperation. Self-centering was characterized by establishing silence in the ward, strict enforcement of the rules, setting more rules, and developing rules for the method of care provision. Eliminating the therapeutic communication was accompanied by the referral of patients to others, avoidance, reluctance, and mechanical care. Conclusion: The obtained findings added to the knowledge of the patterns of knowing in nursing. The therapeutic use of self leads to a positive outcome of care as well as the satisfaction of nurses and patients. However, a self-centering and eliminating therapeutic relationship will raise an inappropriate image of nursing.}, Keywords = {Nurse-patient relations, Nurse practice patterns, Knowledge, Nursing care, Grounded theory}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {87-96}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.368.1}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-306-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Aghaei-Malekabadi, Mahsa and Khodabakhshi-Koolaee, Anahita and Afkari, Fereshteh}, title = {Effects of CALM and SPACE Parent Training Programs on Rumination and Anxiety in Mothers With Bully Sons}, abstract ={Background: About one-third of children are involved in bullying in primary school. Parenting style, as family background, plays an essential role in bullying. This study aimed to compare the effects of the parent training programs of Coaching Approach Behavior and Leading by Modeling (CALM) and Supportive Parenting for Anxious Childhood Emotions (SPACE) on rumination and anxiety in mothers with a bully son. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The setting was the primary schools for boys in district 4 of Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. The statistical population of the research included the mothers of bully sons in one of these schools, i.e., selected using a voluntary convenience sampling technique. In total, 60 mothers whose sons scored higher on the Illinois Bullying Scale (IBS) were selected as the subjects and randomly assigned into 3 groups of 20 individuals (2 intervention groups & 1 control group). The necessary data were collected by the IBS, the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and the Self-Anxiety Scale. The intervention group subjects attended CALM or SPACE training programs for 13 two-hour weekly sessions. A three-month follow-up was also performed. The collected data were analyzed using repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) in SPSS 22. Results: The present study findings suggested a significant difference between the intervention and control groups in rumination (P=0.0001, F=47.54) and anxiety (P=0.0001, F=86.34) in the post-test phase. However, no significant difference was found between CALM (42.80±2.71) and SPACE (42.16±2.71) programs respecting the effects on rumination (P=0.36). In contrast, SPACE (44±2.71) and CALM (39.46±2.71) programs indicated significant differences concerning their impact on anxiety (P<0.032); the CALM program presented a greater impact on reducing anxiety than SPACE. The follow-up results indicated that the CALM program presented a greater retention effect than SPACE on decreasing anxiety in the studied mothers (42.76±1.02, P=0.0001). Conclusion: The obtained data revealed that the CALM and SPACE programs were effective in reducing maternal rumination and anxiety. However, CALM was more effective than SPACE in reducing maternal anxiety. School counselors, mental health professionals, psychiatric nurses, and school health nurses are suggested to apply the study findings. }, Keywords = {Child relationship, Training group, Anxiety, Rumination disorder, Bullying, Mothers}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-108}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.33.15}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-282-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Makipour, Sara and Shafiabady, Abdollah and Falsafinejad, Mohammad Reza and Khodabakhshi-koolaee, Anahit}, title = {Female Managers’ Experiences of Work-family Enrichment Realization: A Grounded Theory Study}, abstract ={Background: Challenges created by the simultaneous management of family and work among working women, especially married female managers with children are serious issues affecting all human societies, including Iran. Accordingly, the present study aimed to explore the realization of work-family enrichment based on the experiences of married female managers working in Parsian Bank. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the grounded theory approach. The study participants were 22 female managers who were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling methods from the staff of Parsian Bank, in 2019. The necessary data were collected by semi-structured interviews. The collected data were analyzed using Strauss & Corbin open, axial, and selective coding method through constant comparison in MAXQDA.  Results: The obtained results indicated that female managers employed several strategies, including instrumental strategies, problem-solving management strategies, emotion-related strategies, behavioral measures, and measures to improve personal development and growth for work-family enrichment. The factors facilitating work-family enrichment were self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, support, and environmental network. However, other factors, including socio-cultural characteristics, the challenges of family cultural context, the non-supportive culture of the organization, and the cultural challenges of society were barriers for work-family enrichment. This process led to job satisfaction and satisfaction with marital life among the examined female managers. The core variable manifested as “the multidimensional use of self to enrich work and family”. Conclusion: The insights from this study added to the knowledge of work-family enrichment among female managers. Female managers and officials can use this model to better understand and manage family and work, concurrently. }, Keywords = {Family conflicts, Work, Marriage, Working women, Grounded theory}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {109-122}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.33.16}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-305-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Kiani, Hossein and Hoseinian, Masoumeh and Sadat, Zohreh and MirbagherAjorpaz, Ne}, title = {Prevalence of Anesthesia Complications in Orthopedic Surgeries and its Related Factors}, abstract ={Background: The duration of surgery in orthopedic surgeries is often longer than one hour. Therefore, these patients are at further risk of complications induced by general anesthesia. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of anesthesia complications in orthopedic surgeries and its related factors.  Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 400 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Kashan Province, Iran, in 2020. The study subjects were recruited by convenience sampling and included those who underwent general anesthesia for elective surgery and were transferred to Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). The research instruments included a demographic questionnaire and a checklist for recording complications (shivering, pain, nausea, vomiting, & vital signs). The necessary data were recorded after the patient was admitted to the PACU, as well as half an hour and one hour later. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test, Independent Samples t-test, one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation coefficient, and logistic regression analysis in SPSS 16. Results: The present research results suggested that the most and least frequent complications were vomiting (91.8%) and changes in blood pressure (5%), respectively. Gender was significantly associated with pain, nausea, and hypertension (P<0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient data indicated a significant relationship between the duration of anesthesia and the mean scores of shivering, pain, nausea, tachycardia, and tachypnea (P<0.05). There was also a significant relationship between the types of surgery and shivering, pain, blood pressure, and nausea (P<0.05). Pulse rate was significantly associated with complete intravenous anesthesia and the duration of anesthesia (P<0.05). Conclusion: The relatively high incidence of post-anesthesia complications in orthopedic surgeries indicates the significance of employing skilled personnel as well as using adequate monitoring equipment at the PACU. Such measures help to decrease mortality and morbidity among patients, also save on hospital costs.}, Keywords = {Complications, Post-Anesthesia nursing, Orthopedic surgeries, Shivering, Postoperative nausea, Vomiting}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {123-130}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.295.3}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-301-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Moghadam, Mojtaba and Makvandi, Behnam and Naderi, Farah}, title = {The Effects of Mindfulness Training and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Drug Craving and Emotion Self-regulation in Clients With Substance-dependence}, abstract ={Background: Drug craving is a strong and resistant yearn to consume drugs; if not met, this condition would be followed by biopsychological issues, such as fatigue, anxiety, aggression, and depression. This study determined the effects of mindfulness training and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) on drug craving and emotion regulation in clients with substance dependence. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test and a control group design. The research population included all the clients with drug use disorders, referring to midterm substance-dependence treatment centers in Baghmalek City, Iran, in 2018. Using a convenience sampling method, 60 clients with drug use disorders, willing to participate in the project were selected. Accordingly, they were randomly assigned into two experimental groups (mindfulness training & dialectical behavior therapy), and a control group (n=20/group). The research instruments included the Substance Craving Questionnaire-NOW (SCQ-NOW) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). The first experimental group underwent twelve 45-minute weekly sessions of mindfulness training. Besides, the second experimental group received twelve 45-minute weekly sessions of dialectical behavior therapy. The control group received no treatment. Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) was applied in SPSS to analyze the obtained data. Results: The Mean±SD post-test scores of drug craving for mindfulness training, dialectical behavior therapy, and control groups were 130.02±8.01, 124.75±7.58, and 212.19±12.32, respectively. The collected results suggested that the provided intervention programs effectively reduced drug craving and improved emotion regulation in the examined clients (P=0.0001). Additionally, there was no significant difference between the effects of mindfulness training and dialectical behavior therapy on drug craving and emotion regulation.  Conclusion: In addition to decreasing drug craving, mindfulness training and dialectical behavior therapy can improve emotion regulation in subjects with drug use disorders.}, Keywords = {Mind-body therapy, Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Emotional aspects, Disorder, Substance use}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {131-138}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.329.2}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-290-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Ahmadi, Bahareh and Sabery, Mahdieh and Adib-Hajbaghery, Mohse}, title = {Burnout in the Primary Caregivers of Children With Chronic Conditions and its Related Factors}, abstract ={Background: A majority of parents of children with chronic illness encounter physical conditions, as well as some degrees of burnout, anxiety, and depression. This study examined the prevalence of burnout in the primary caregivers of children with chronic conditions and its related factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 family caregivers of children with chronic conditions who were selected by convenience sampling method from 4 healthcare centers in Kashan and Isfahan Provinces, Iran. A demographics questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were used to gather the required data. The MBI assesses caregiver burnout in 3 domains of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Chi-Squared test, Fisher’s Exact test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and linear regression analysis. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The Mean±SD age of the examined caregivers and children were 38.2±8.04 and 8.9±4.9 years, respectively. Fifty percent of the research participants were fathers, and 74.3% had a family size of >4 members. The ill children were mostly boys (60%) and afflicted with renal (45.2%) or neurological (18.2%) disorders. The mean scores of the caregivers in the 3 subscales of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, were 22.21, 6.40, and 13.24, respectively. However, 62.3% and 47.9% of the caregivers experienced high or moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization; nearly all of them (99.2%) experienced reduced personal accomplishment. The age of the child, the type of chronic condition, the frequency of medical visits, as well as the caregiver’s age, job, income, and family size, could predict caregiver burnout (r2=0.17). Conclusion: The family caregivers of children with chronic conditions experience moderate burnout. Nurses and other healthcare providers should be aware of the signs of caregiver burnout and its contributing factors; accordingly; appropriate plans should be made for the periodic evaluation of family caregivers.}, Keywords = {Burnout, Family caregivers, Children, Chronic illness}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-148}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.360.1}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-300-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Mohammadipour, Setareh and DashtBozorgi, Zahra and Hooman, Farzaneh}, title = {The Role of Mental Health of Mothers of Children With Learning Disabilities in the Relationship Between Parental Stress, Mother-child Interaction, and Children’s Behavioral Disorders}, abstract ={Background: Behavioral problems of children are common and debilitating conditions that create many difficulties for both children and their families. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental stress and mother-child interaction, and children’s behavioral disorders with the mediating role of mental health in the mothers of children with learning disabilities. Methods: The research population of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of the mothers of all students with learning disabilities in Andimeshk City, Iran, in 2020. Applying the convenience sampling method, 210 students were selected as the study sample. The research instruments included the Child Behavior Checklist, the Parental Stress Scale, the Child-Parent Relationship Scale, and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-25). The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis in AMOS v. 24. Results: The obtained results indicated a direct and significant relationship between parental stress and children’s behavioral disorders (β=0.321, P=0.0001), as well as mother-child interaction and mothers’ mental health (β=0.255, P=0.001). There was a negative relationship between mother-child interaction and children’s behavioral disorders (β=-0.148, P=0.019), as well as parental stress and mothers’ mental health (β=-0.581, P=0.0001). Furthermore, the collected results presented a reverse and significant relationship between mothers’ mental health and children’s behavioral disorders (β=-0.360, P=0.0001). The indirect path analysis data revealed that mothers’ mental health played a mediating role in the relationship between parental stress, mother-child interaction, and children’s behavioral disorders (P=0.001). Conclusion: According to the present research results, the model proposed in this study was favorably fitted; thus, it can be considered as an important step in identifying the factors affecting behavioral disorders in students with learning disabilities.}, Keywords = {Learning disabilities, Behavior, Parents, Stress, Mental health, Children}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {149-158}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.362.1}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-302-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-302-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} } @article{ author = {Pourpashang, Majid and Mousavi, Shokoufeh}, title = {The Effects of Group Schema Therapy on Psychological Wellbeing and Resilience in the Clients Under Substance Dependence Treatment}, abstract ={Background: Low psychological resilience is an essential component in substance abuse relapse in individuals with substance use disorder. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of group schema therapy on psychological wellbeing and resilience in individuals under treatment with methadone and buprenorphine. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. The statistical population comprised 248 subjects with substance dependence under treatment in Samaa Addiction Treatment Clinic in Isfahan Province, Iran, in 2019. A sample of 40 patients was selected by convenience sampling method; accordingly, they were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group underwent ten 90-minute weekly sessions of group schema therapy. The research instruments included the 75-item Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the Ryff’s Scale of Psychological Wellbeing. Data analysis was conducted by Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS. Results: The obtained results revealed that group schema therapy was effective in promoting psychological wellbeing and resilience in individuals under treatment with methadone and buprenorphine (P<0.01).  Conclusion: This study provided evidence for the effectiveness of group schema therapy in enhancing psychological wellbeing and resilience among individuals with substance dependence. This intervention program can thus be implemented by substance dependence therapists and psychiatric nurses.}, Keywords = {Schema therapy, Substance abuse, Psychological welfare, Resilience, Addiction}, volume = {7}, Number = {2}, pages = {159-166}, publisher = { Iran University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.32598/JCCNC.7.2.366.1}, url = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.html}, eprint = {http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-304-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care}, issn = {24764132}, eissn = {24764132}, year = {2021} }