1 24764132 Iran University of Medical Sciences 103 Special Effect of Body Position on Physiological Alteration While Feeding Infants: A Systematic Review Azimi Jahed Nazanin b Borimnejad Leili c Haghani Hamid d b Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. c Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. d Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 119 124 23 10 2016 10 02 2017 Background: An infant should be able to coordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing to have a safe and effective feeding, which is developed with the increasing gestational age. Any problem in each of these functions can lead to the risk of aspiration, pneumonia, decreased oxygenation saturation, apnea, and bradycardia. The changed body positions may cause changes in the physiological efficiencies of the preterm infants. The objective of this review is to determine the impact of body position on the physiological alternations in the preterm infants while bottle feeding. Methods: In order to review the previous studies, we referred the related resources from existing databases such as Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, ProQuest, Pub Med, Wiley Cochrane Library, Magiran, Medlib, SID, and Google Scholar. Both English (from 1997 to 2016) and Persian studies (from 2010 to 2016) were reviewed. Results: Four clinical trials with eligible criteria were used as a crossover while the infants were bottle fed. The body positions that are considered in this study include elevated side-lying position vs. semi-upright position, upright position vs. cradle position, side-lying position vs. cradle position, and semi-elevated supine position vs. semi-elevated side-lying position to determine the effect of the physiological parameters while bottle feeding the premature infants. Conclusion: It seems that there is still not enough evidence to determine the positions affecting the physiological parameters of an infant while bottle feeding. Thus, it seems necessary to have further studies to analyze the impact of proper body position on the infant’s physiological alternations.
135 General The Relationship Between Spiritual Health and General Self-Efficacy in the Iranian Elderly Chabok Maedeh e Kashaninia Zahra f Haghani Hamid g e Department of Department of Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. f Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Rehabilitation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. g Department of Biostatistics, School of Health Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 125 132 04 12 2016 22 03 2017 Background: Elderliness is a sensitive period of life; so, it is necessary to pay special attention to various aspects of the health care for the elderly, including their spiritual well-being in the society. Spirituality and spiritual beliefs are closely associated with psychological aspects of a human mind, and they aim at balancing one’s life. Self-efficacy is one of the psychological aspects, which play an important role in maintaining the mental and physical health. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and general self-efficacy in the elderly population of Tehran. Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 822 elderly people who regularly visited some of the parks of Tehran, Iran, in 2015. Samples were chosen by the multi-stage method. The relevant data were collected through demographic information in addition to tests and questionnaires including Abbreviated Mental Test Score (AMTS) for determining cognitive impairment and General Self-Efficacy (GSE-10) y and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests by SPSS Version: 20.0. Results: The results of the current study showed that general self-efficacy is related to religious, existential, and spiritual health. The findings also indicated that among the demographic variables, spiritual health is mostly related to marital status and the ability to perform Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in addition to residence and income.  Conclusion: Since aging is an important challenge in the health system, promoting spiritual health in the elderly population can result in these individuals’ high self-efficacy, ultimately leading to a higher physical and mental health status. 129 Special Investigating the Reasons for Failing to Report Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) by Nurses of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in the Year 2015 Mahboubi Mahtab h Borimnedjad Leili i Haghani Hamid j Tatarpour Parvin k h Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. i Nursing Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. j Department of Biostatistic, School of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. k Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 133 138 28 07 2017 28 10 2017 Background: Due to their inherent characteristics, neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care units are more often exposed to medication errors and its adverse effects. The aim of this study is to determine the reasons for failure to report Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) experienced by nurses employed at these units in educational and treatment centers affiliated to the Iran University of Medical Sciences in the city of Tehran in the year 2015. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by using Gupta and colleagues’ Questionnaire with its validity and reliability verified by the research team in Iran. Data were collected by using the available sampling method in the educational and treatment centers affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences, from November 2015 to March 2016. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 16. Results: Of 96 nurses taking part in this study, 68 (70.8%) had experienced incidences of adverse drug reactions. However, only 43 of them (44.8%) have reported them. Regarding the reasons for not reporting ADRs, 51 nurses (53.1%) stated difficulty in detecting the incidence of error, 19 (19.8%) stated not having the right to receive remuneration for doing so, 16 (16.7%) stated the shortage of time, and 10 (10.4%) reported lack of effectiveness had they reported it. Conclusion: Since many complications can be prevented in neonates by timely reporting of these ADRs, it is recommended that removing the impediments in the path of reporting errors should come under consideration as a management and care priority by directors and officials of medical centers. 115 Special Quality of Life and Some Related Factors in Patients With Beta Thalassemia Major in Southwest Iran Madmoli Mostafa l Madmoli Yaghoob m Rahmati Peyman n Adavi Ahmad o Yousefi Najme p Gheisari Zohre Abbaszade Aliabad Marzie l Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. m Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. n Student Research Committee, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. o Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran. p Imam Ali Hospital, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran. Student Research Committee, Shushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran. Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 139 146 03 01 2017 29 03 2017 Background: Thalassemia is one of the most common genetic disorders in the world, especially in Iran. The study of various aspects affecting the physical and mental health of patients with beta thalassemia major has become more important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Quality of life and some related factors in patients with beta-thalassemia major in Southwest Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive study, quality of life and related factors in 112 thalassemia major patients with available sampling attending Dezful Thalassemia Center has been studied in the first three months of 2015. Data collection was based on self-report including demographic questionnaire and 36-SF quality of life questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 18 and chi-square test, T-test, and Pearson’s correlation coefficients. Results: Patients with beta thalassemia major, including 66 males (58.92%) and 46 females (41.07%) with a mean age of 23 years were enrolled in the study. The lowest and highest scores were obtained in general health (63.59) and physical functioning (85.25), respectively. Findings showed that there is no statistically significant difference (P = 0.025) between men and women in all aspects of quality of life except role disorder. It was also found that married people have a higher quality of life and mental health in comparison to other people (P < 0.05). In addition, there was a negative correlation between age and physical health, mental health, and quality of life total scores which were not statistically significant (P = 0.46).  Conclusion: The present study results showed well that age, income level, and marital status indices play a very important role in the maintenance of quality of life and the reduction of negative effects of disease on patient’s mental and physical health. The limitations of this study are to examine the dimensions of quality of life in a center. It seems that future studies should look at ways to improve their quality of life. 126 Special Self-Management and Its Related Factors Among People With Epilepsy Referring to Iranian Epilepsy Association Khachian Alice Seyedoshohadaee Mahnaz Hosseini Agha Fatemeh Shamsi Marzieh Bahiraei Narges Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Rehabilitation Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 147 152 15 11 2016 27 02 2017 Background: People with chronic diseases, including epilepsy, need to learn self-management behaviors so as to control their disease and reduce its complications. The present study aims to determine how people with epilepsy self-manage the disease. Methods: The present research was a descriptive-correlational study conducted on 100 patients with epilepsy who had been referred to the Iranian Epilepsy Association in Tehran in January 2016 and met the inclusion criteria. The research tools included the disease profile form, demographic questionnaire, and self-management behaviors questionnaire for people with epilepsy. Statistical calculations were performed using SPSS software version 22. Results: It was found that 85.6% of the subjects had low self-management and 14.4% had moderate to high self-management. Independent t-test showed a significant relationship between self-management and marital status (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between total self-management score and other cognitive characteristics (P > 0.05). A negative and significant relationship was observed between age and self-management (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between total self-management score and other cognitive characteristics (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate that educational interventions should be conducted to meet the educational needs of people with epilepsy in future studies. 137 Special The Effect of Inhalation Aromatherapy With Damask Rose (Rosa Damascena) on the Pain of Elderly After Knee Arthroplasty Bastani Farideh Samady Kia Parvaneh Haghani Hamid Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Community Health Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 153 160 09 10 2016 11 02 2017 Background: Acute postoperative pain is anticipated as a common problem in orthopedic surgeries especially arthroplasty which can cause harmful effects to the body and the psyche of the person. Currently, non-pharmacological approaches such as aromatherapy are taken into account pain relief along with pharmaceutical methods. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of the aromatherapy with the Damask Rose on pain of elderly patients after knee arthroplasty surgery. Methods: This study is a non-randomized clinical trial, 80 elderly patients underwent knee arthroplasty surgery were selected from two hospitals (Moheb and Shafa) according to inclusion criteria and enrolled into the study by simple random sampling. Patients were divided into control and experimental groups. Interventions with Damask Rose were perfomred 24 hours after surgery and there were 4 sessions within 2 hours with 30 minutes interval.  Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to measure pain and daya was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: In the experimental group, the pain intensity was significantly different before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the pain intensity of the control group before and after the intervention (P = 0.66). Comparing the difference in pain scores before and after the intervention, there was a significant decrease in this score after the intervention in the experimental group compared to the control group and before intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The study demonstrate that aromatherapy has a positive effect on reducing the postoperative pain of the elderly, and it can be used as a complementary medicine which is cost effective, safe, and easy to perform. 145 Special Effect of Chlorhexidine and Orthodentol Mouthwash on Oral Hygiene of Patients Who Underwent Mechanical Ventilation, Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit Mirzakhani Hojjat Heidari Haydeh Hasanpour Ali Deris Fatemeh Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahr-e Kord, Iran. 1 5 2017 3 2 161 166 08 11 2016 16 03 2017 Background: Providing oral hygiene in patients with a tracheal tube in the mouth is one of the most important tasks of nurses. This study has been conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of two mouthwash solutions (chlorhexidine and orthodentol) on the oral hygiene of patients with respiratory ventilation device and hospitalized in intensive care units. Methods: This is a clinical trial in which 90 patients with oral tracheal tube entered the study through simple sampling method. Inclusion criteria were being insensitive to herbal compounds and aged 15-85 years. They were divided randomly into two intervention (orthodentol) and control (chlorhexidine) groups. Each group had 45 subjects. The Beck Oral Hygiene Checklist was used to collect data (before and after intervention). Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Patients in intervention and control groups were similar in terms of demographic characteristics, oral hygiene, and other characteristics. Oral hygiene in patients in both orthodentol and chlorhexidine groups had a significant improvement after intervention. Conclusion: The comparison of orthodentol and chlorhexidine oral mucosal effects showed that oral hygiene of patients hospitalized in intensive care units was improved to a certain extent. Considering the benefits of herbal compounds, orthodentol mouthwash can be mentioned as an appropriate alternative for chlorhexidine.