Wed, Aug 13, 2025
[Archive]
Volume 11, Issue 3 (Summer 2025)
JCCNC 2025, 11(3): 219-228 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Soriano G, Cruz C A G, Reyes D C D, Eduardo B P, Gabriel G M, Calong Calong K. Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-efficacy Toward Pain Management Among Filipino Nurses. JCCNC 2025; 11 (3) :219-228
URL: http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.html
URL: http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-720-en.html
Gil Soriano *1 
, Charles Aaron Gil Cruz2 , Danielle Chloe Delos Reyes3 , Brian Paulo Eduardo4 , Genesis Matthew Gabriel4 , Kathyrine Calong Calong5
, Charles Aaron Gil Cruz2 , Danielle Chloe Delos Reyes3 , Brian Paulo Eduardo4 , Genesis Matthew Gabriel4 , Kathyrine Calong Calong5
1- Department of Nursing, College of Allied Health, National University, Manila, Philippines. , gil.p.soriano@gmail.com
2- Department of Nursing Services, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.
3- Department of Nursing Services, Mary Johnston Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
4- Philippine Nurses Association, Manila, Philippines.
5- College of Nursing, San Beda University, Manila, Philippines.
2- Department of Nursing Services, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines.
3- Department of Nursing Services, Mary Johnston Hospital, Manila, Philippines.
4- Philippine Nurses Association, Manila, Philippines.
5- College of Nursing, San Beda University, Manila, Philippines.
Abstract: (329 Views)
Background: Knowledge, attitude, and pain management competence and confidence (self-efficacy) are three significant variables influencing how nurses manage pain and the degree of relief offered to patients; however, research has yet to investigate these variables among Filipino nurses. This study aims to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy in pain management among Filipino nurses.
Methods: The study is a predictive correlational inquiry with a convenience sample of 138 Filipino nurses in selected Level 3 hospitals in Metro Manila. Data were collected from January to March 2022 using the Pain Knowledge and Attitude (PAK) questionnaire and Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ). Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's r correlation and backward stepwise linear regression were used to analyze the gathered data. IBM SPSS Version 21 for Windows was used for the analysis. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: The participants had difficulty responding to the pain knowledge and attitude questionnaire, with scores of 0-9 (2.49±2.11). Meanwhile, they scored well on the subscale “evaluative pain management self-efficacy,” ranging from 12 to 20 (17.19±2.41). Their total pain management self-efficacy score ranges from 59 to 100 (85.45±10.48). Significant relationships were found between pain knowledge and attitude and comprehensive pain management self-efficacy (r=0.214; P=0.012), evaluative pain management self-efficacy (r=0.176; P=0.039), and total pain management self-efficacy score (r=0.209; P=0.014). The regression analysis revealed that comprehensive pain management self-efficacy and educational attainment significantly predict pain knowledge and attitude. The model was statistically significant (F2, 135=5.812; P=0.004) and accounted for 79% of the variance (R²=0.79), indicating a strong predictive relationship. However, no significant relationship was noted between pain knowledge and attitude and supplemental pain management self-efficacy (r=0.149; P=0.082).
Conclusion: Pain management needs to be emphasized among Filipino nurses as it is commonly practiced in the clinical setting. Further, it is recommended that regular pain management training programs be implemented to enhance their skills and improve patient care.
Methods: The study is a predictive correlational inquiry with a convenience sample of 138 Filipino nurses in selected Level 3 hospitals in Metro Manila. Data were collected from January to March 2022 using the Pain Knowledge and Attitude (PAK) questionnaire and Pain Management Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PMSEQ). Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, Pearson's r correlation and backward stepwise linear regression were used to analyze the gathered data. IBM SPSS Version 21 for Windows was used for the analysis. The significance level was set at P<0.05.
Results: The participants had difficulty responding to the pain knowledge and attitude questionnaire, with scores of 0-9 (2.49±2.11). Meanwhile, they scored well on the subscale “evaluative pain management self-efficacy,” ranging from 12 to 20 (17.19±2.41). Their total pain management self-efficacy score ranges from 59 to 100 (85.45±10.48). Significant relationships were found between pain knowledge and attitude and comprehensive pain management self-efficacy (r=0.214; P=0.012), evaluative pain management self-efficacy (r=0.176; P=0.039), and total pain management self-efficacy score (r=0.209; P=0.014). The regression analysis revealed that comprehensive pain management self-efficacy and educational attainment significantly predict pain knowledge and attitude. The model was statistically significant (F2, 135=5.812; P=0.004) and accounted for 79% of the variance (R²=0.79), indicating a strong predictive relationship. However, no significant relationship was noted between pain knowledge and attitude and supplemental pain management self-efficacy (r=0.149; P=0.082).
Conclusion: Pain management needs to be emphasized among Filipino nurses as it is commonly practiced in the clinical setting. Further, it is recommended that regular pain management training programs be implemented to enhance their skills and improve patient care.
Full-Text [PDF 599 kb]
(59 Downloads)
| | Full-Text (HTML) (27 Views)
● Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy regarding pain management can influence how they manage pain; however, the relationship between these variables has not been evaluated in Filipino nurses.
● Knowledge and attitude are positively correlated with nurses’ pain management competence and confidence (self-efficacy), indicating that the more knowledgeable nurses are and the more apt their attitude is, the more confident and capable nurses will be in dealing with pain.
● There is a knowledge gap among Filipino nurses regarding pain management, so restructuring course content or revisiting methods of instruction may be of value.
● Over a decade later, Filipino nurses’ attitudes toward narcotic use have remained negative; however, the persistence of this issue has yet to be explained and further research is needed to identify possible causes.
● Regular pain management training among Filipino nurses may facilitate the development and retention of adequate knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy, considering that most participants have no prior training in pain management.
● Knowledge and attitude are positively correlated with nurses’ pain management competence and confidence (self-efficacy), indicating that the more knowledgeable nurses are and the more apt their attitude is, the more confident and capable nurses will be in dealing with pain.
● There is a knowledge gap among Filipino nurses regarding pain management, so restructuring course content or revisiting methods of instruction may be of value.
● Over a decade later, Filipino nurses’ attitudes toward narcotic use have remained negative; however, the persistence of this issue has yet to be explained and further research is needed to identify possible causes.
● Regular pain management training among Filipino nurses may facilitate the development and retention of adequate knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy, considering that most participants have no prior training in pain management.
Plain Language Summary
Pain management is an essential part of nursing care. Still, there is limited research on how Filipino nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and confidence (self-efficacy) affect their ability to manage pain effectively. The results of this study revealed knowledge gaps as nurses struggled to complete the pain knowledge and attitude (PAK) questionnaire. However, they received excellent scores for trust in their ability to assess pain management. The findings also showed a strong correlation between nurses’ overall confidence in pain management and their knowledge and attitude. Knowledge and confidence in applying additional pain management approaches, however, did not appear to be strongly correlated. These findings imply that further pain management training is necessary for Filipino nurses to advance their careers and deliver higher-quality patient care. It is recommended that they participate in regular pain management programs to improve their understanding and confidence in managing pain.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
General
Received: 2024/11/10 | Accepted: 2025/04/5 | Published: 2025/08/1
Received: 2024/11/10 | Accepted: 2025/04/5 | Published: 2025/08/1
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
Copyright © The Author(s);
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-By-NC), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Contact Information
