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Fayazi S, Abbasi M, Hosseinkhani A, Ahmadi S, Haseli A. Pre-eclampsia and Intimate Partner Violence: A Case-control Study. JCCNC 2025; 11 (4) :307-318
URL: http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-728-en.html

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE), a prevalent cause of maternal and fetal mortality, is prompted by psychological, physical, and social risk factors. This study determined the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and the likelihood of PE.
Methods: A case-control study was carried out in Ayatollah Mousavi Hospital in Zanjan City, Iran. This study included 110 postpartum mothers who were randomly assigned to two groups: Case (with PE, n=55) and control (without PE, n=55). Study data were collected via the WHO domestic violence questionnaire. Statistical analyses included the independent t-test, the Fisher exact test, and logistic regression. All analyses were conducted in R (version 4.3.1) with a significance level set at 0.05. 
Results: The findings showed that in the PE group, 61.8% had experienced low violence and 38.2% moderate violence. There was no significant difference between the case and control groups regarding psychological (odd ratio [OR]: 1.05, P=0.303), economic (OR: 1.05, P=0.592), physical (OR: 1.11, P=0.309), sexual (OR: 1.02, P=0.917), and overall violence (OR: 1.02, P=0.329). On the other hand, maternal age (OR=1.07), husband’s age (OR=1.13), and age difference between partners (OR=1.15) were significantly associated with an increased risk of PE (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Although IPV levels were slightly higher in the case group, no significant correlation was found between IPV and incidence of PE. Older parental age and greater age difference between partners were associated with an increased risk of PE. Further prospective studies are needed to explore the impact of IPV on pregnancy outcomes.