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Hudiyawati D, Musa M, Sudaryanto A, Widodo A, Faozi E, Nur Rosyid F et al . Applying the Theory of Planned Behavior in Heart Disease Prevention: An Educational Intervention Study. JCCNC 2026; 12 (2) :155-164
URL: http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-873-en.html

Background: Most of the burden of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) is related to modifiable risk factors. Healthy lifestyle behavior can be more consistent and purposeful by implementing the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This study aimed to determine the effects of an educational intervention based on the TPB on coronary heart disease (CHD) preventive behaviors and knowledge.    
Methods: This non-randomized controlled trial with a pre-test-post-test design was conducted on 46 participants with risk factors for CHD at Banyuanyar and Nusukan Primary Health Centers, Surakarta City, Central Java, Indonesia, from June to October 2024. Participants were non-randomly assigned to intervention (n=23) and control (n=23) groups. The educational intervention based on the TPB included risk screening, health education via electronic module, focus group discussion, and three individual counseling sessions via WhatsApp, implemented over a four-week period. Data were collected using the TPB questionnaire and the heart disease fact questionnaire (HDFQ) before the intervention and at the end of the forth week. Data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and Wilcoxon and Mann–Whitney U tests with a significance level of <0.05 by SPPS 26.
Results: All core components of the TPB construct, including “attitude” (Mann–Whitney=0.000, P<0.001), “perceived behavioral control” (Mann–Whitney=106.00, P<0.001), “subjective norm” (Mann–Whitney=141.500, P<0.006), and “behavioral intention” (t=6.527, P<0.001), showed higher post-test scores for respondents in the intervention group than in the control group. 
Conclusion: This study suggests that a TPB-based educational intervention delivered by nurses is an effective strategy for improving knowledge and promoting heart disease preventive behaviors among high-risk individuals.