Volume 9, Issue 4 (Autumn 2023)  

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Abstract (1828 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (467 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (188 Views)   |   Highlights
Mothers of children with gross motor disabilities experience objective and subjective care burdens, leading to highly expressed and negative emotions, such as hostility, severe criticism, and intolerance toward their children.
• Psychological interventions could reduce the intensely expressed emotion of mothers toward their children. 
• This study examined the effects of solution-focused narrative therapy (SFNT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction on the expressed emotions of mothers of male children with gross motor disabilities.
• The results revealed that both treatments were effective, but SFNT was more effective in reducing the expressed emotions. 
• It seems that SFNT and the efforts of mothers to redefine their life stories give them more strength and power to control their life conditions, explaining the superiority of SFNT.

Plain Language Summary 
Mothers with highly expressed negative emotions, such as hostility and criticism toward their disabled children, experience higher psychological distress and lower quality of child-mother interactions. The present study determined that solution-focused narrative therapy (SFNT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) could decrease the expressed emotions of these mothers. However, SFNT had a greater effect than MBSR in reducing expressed emotion in mothers.


Abstract (1061 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (317 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (134 Views)   |   Highlights
Health promotion is a process that improves people’s health and increases their control over it.
• In infertile women, the mean score of HPL was lower than the median score of the scale. 
• Among the 5 dimensions of religious coping mechanisms, the highest mean score pertained to active religious coping, while the lowest means belonged to passive religious coping, followed by negative feelings towards God.
• A weak but significant inverse relationship was observed between negative feelings towards God and health-promoting lifestyle.
• A weak yet significant inverse relationship was observed between passive religious coping and interpersonal relations.
Plain Language Summary 
Religion plays a crucial role in various aspects of some people’s lives. Religious coping, as well as religious beliefs and customs, can affect human well-being. Due to the physical, psychological, and financial consequences of infertility and its treatment process, infertile women may lack the motivation to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. However, religious coping can provide a new perspective by re-evaluating problems and giving these women hope. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between religious coping and health-promoting lifestyle. The results show that the health-promoting lifestyle in infertile women is lower than average. With the increase in negative feelings towards God, the health-promoting lifestyle and some of its dimensions, including physical activity, nutrition, and interpersonal relationships, decline. Also, with increased passive religious coping, interpersonal relationships decrease slightly.


Abstract (1137 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (406 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (173 Views)   |   Highlights
Cultivating a positive mindset at work can increase the ability to perform organizational tasks, duties, and programs. 
• Our findings indicated a positive and significant association between work effectiveness and work engagement.
• The dimension of “support” within work effectiveness exhibited the highest correlation with work engagement.
• The “absorption by work” dimension within work engagement had the highest correlation with work effectiveness.
Plain Language Summary 
Nurses constitute the largest healthcare staff and play an essential role in caring for patients. Maintaining a positive mental state and a good attitude can help the organization perform tasks and programs better. This study explored the relationship between work effectiveness and work engagement of nurses in the selected hospitals affiliated with Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. The results indicated a positive and significant correlation between work effectiveness and work engagement, indicating that nurses’ work effectiveness increases with increasing work engagement. The “Support” dimension of work effectiveness had the highest correlation with work engagement. Also, the “absorption by work” dimension of work engagement had the highest correlation with work effectiveness. 


Abstract (1021 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (337 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (184 Views)   |   Highlights
Delirium, a common and serious clinical problem in ICUs, is associated with an increased risk of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.
• The nurses’ knowledge of delirium and ability to recognize it were low.
• The lowest average of knowledge pertained to delirium’s incidence, signs, and symptoms, and the highest average to delirium’s risk factors and causes.
• Knowledge about delirium was significantly associated with undertaking delirium training courses and working experiences in ICUs. 
Plain Language Summary 
The incidence and prevalence of delirium in intensive care units (ICUs) are very high, imposing burdens on nurses and places a significant financial burden on national healthcare systems every year. This study aimed to investigate whether ICU nurses in Iraq are knowledgeable about delirium and capable of recognizing it. The results showed that the nurses’ knowledge of delirium and ability to recognize it were low. In addition, participation in delirium courses and increased work experience in ICUs may increase the nurses’ knowledge about delirium. 


Abstract (1081 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (376 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (147 Views)   |   Highlights
Frequent substance abuse has increased among young adults, some of whom have difficulty quitting.
• Reality therapy positively affects drug cravings in clients of therapeutic community centers.
• Reality therapy improves the mental health of clients of therapeutic community centers.
Plain Language Summary 
Today, substance abuse disorders are associated with many medical and psychiatric problems. Not only drug-assisted treatment of substance abusers has adverse side effects, but sudden cessation of drug may also cause unpleasant symptoms. Therefore, developing effective therapeutic interventions to improve mental health and reduce cravings in substance abusers is helpful. This study determined the effects of reality therapy on drug cravings and mental health among clients of therapeutic community centers in Iran. In general, the findings revealed that reality therapy reduces drug cravings and improves clients’ mental health in the therapeutic community centers.


Abstract (985 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (298 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (136 Views)   |   Highlights
Osteoarthritis of the knee joint leads to pain and stiffness and impairs physical performance by reducing the knee’s range of motion. 
• Self-acupressure reduces the intensity of pain and joint stiffness in people with knee osteoarthritis.
• Self-acupressure increases physical performance in people with knee osteoarthritis.
• Self-acupressure reduces the use of analgesics in people with knee osteoarthritis.
Plain Language Summary 
Knee osteoarthritis presents as one of the common causes of pain in people over 40. However, acupressure may be beneficial for several pain conditions. Our study showed that self-acupressure reduces pain intensity and joint stiffness and improves knee movements in older adults with knee osteoarthritis. This easy and affordable method is suggested to be used by this group of people to manage the symptoms of knee osteoarthritis. 


Abstract (1136 Views) | Full-Text (PDF) (289 Downloads)   |   Full-Text (HTML) (116 Views)   |   Highlights
 Nurse educators born before 1985 may have limited knowledge and skills in technology. 
• These educators, known as digital immigrants, faced challenges adopting flexible learning options (FLO) during the pandemic.
• Digital immigrant nurse educators in this study experienced 4 challenges in adopting FLO: Lack of technological knowledge and skills, difficulty adjusting to new teaching methods, inadequate technological resources, and emotional stress and exhaustion.
• These challenges hinder the adoption of FLO by digital immigrant nurse educators.
• Providing ongoing support, resources, and training can help improve technical knowledge and skills and enable the successful integration of FLO into their teaching practices. 
Plain Language Summary 
Digital immigrant educators often struggle with technology due to their limited exposure and unfamiliarity with its practical applications. They find adapting to new teaching methods challenging and may lack access to essential technological resources. Additionally, implementing flexible learning options during the pandemic has increased emotional stress and exhaustion for these educators. They needed support, training, and resources to improve their technological proficiency and emotional well-being, ultimately enhancing the quality of education for students.



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